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湖南汉寿县第一中学 刘光前 在英语中,有许多词或词组常易混淆。学习时要注意比较,现将常见的几组易混词列举如下: 1. alone / lonely alone 既可作形容词,也可作副词,意为“独自一人”,在句中作表语或状语。 lonely 只能作形容词,意为“荒凉的;偏僻的;孤独寂寞的”,在句中既能作定语,也能作表语。如: He lived alone in a lonely house, but he didn't feel lonely. 他一个人住在一个偏僻的房子里,但并不感到孤独。 He was alone, but he wasn't lonely. 他只一个人,但并不寂寞。 2. at a time / at one time at a time 每次,一次;在某个时刻。 at one time 曾经;从前某个时期。如: Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。 At one time they were in love. 他们曾经相爱过。 3. especially / specially 这两个副词都含有“特别地;尤其”之意。但其含义和用法完全不同。 specially 含有“专门地、特意地”之意,通常指为某一特殊目的而专门采用某一方式,后面常跟有不定式或介词 for 等短语作目的状语。 especilly 则有强调“超过其他的”之意,只说明程度,不表示目的。如: Though it was especially cold, he came specially for our party. 虽然天气特别冷,他还是特意来参加了我们的会议。 I am sorry you don't like what I have done especially as I did it specially for you. 很遗憾,你不喜欢我所做的,尤其是专门为你做的一切。 4. part of / a part of 这两个短语的后面均可接单、复数名词或不可数名词。名词前要有 the, these, your 等限定词。二者都有“部分”之意,但在词意范围上有所不同, part of 意为“一部分”,可能是整体的一半以上或一半以下。 a part of 意为“一小部分”,仅指整体的一半以下。如: When coal burns, part of it is left as ash. 当煤燃烧后,只剩下部分灰烬。 The individual is only a part of the society. 个人只是社会的一小部分。 5. far / by far far 作速度副词时,与 by far 同义,都有“最;大大地”等意思,均可用来强调比较级和最高级,但两者在用法上有些差别。 far 可放在形容词、副词比较级或最高级前面, by far 一般位于最高级前,比较级之后,比较级前有 the 时, by far 可用于比较级之前。如: He is by far the tallest among us. 他在我们中个子最高。 She is by far the better actress. 她是个更好的女演员。 This is far better than that. 这个比那个好得多。 This is (by) far the most useful. 这是最有用的。 6. fairly / rather fairly 和 rather 都带有感情色彩, rather 往往用于贬义或消极意义, fairly 则用于褒义。如: She is a fairly good actress. 她是一个很优秀的演员。 They felt rather tired after a long trip. 长途旅行后他们感觉很累。 rather 可与 too 或比较级连用, fairly 则不可以。如: The car is rather larger than he wants. 这辆小汽车比他想要的大得多。 This one is rather too big. 这个太大了。 rather 与形容词连用,放在不定冠词之前或之后都可以,而 fairly 只能放在不定冠词之后。如: a fairly good car, a rather good car 或 rather a good car 等。 7. a second time / for the second time 两者均可在句子中作状语,都有“再次、又一次、第二次”之意,一般可以互换。但需注意, a second time 前不加任何介词, for the second time 中的 for 一般不可省去,但若 for the second time 放在句首,兼起连词作用,介词 for 就应省去。如: We'll have to do it a second time. 我们不得不再作一次。 It was for the second time that he was elected their monitor. 这是他第二次被选为班长。 The second time I went there, I took part in their innovation. 第二次我去他们那儿,参加了他们的技术革新。 the second time 后还可跟定语从句。注: the first ( second, third ) time 后跟定语从句时,从句谓语一般用完成时。如: This is the first time that I've been abroad at all. 这是我第一次出国。 It was the third time that he had entered the house. 这是他第三次进入这所房子。 8. be afraid to do / be afraid of doing 两者均表示“害怕”,但在用法上有所不同。 be afraid to do sth. 表示按过去的经验或一般常识,觉得做某事可能会有后患而“不敢做”,而 be afraid of doing sth. 则表示希望不发生而又可能发生的事。如: He was afraid to cross the one-logged bridge because he was afraid of falling into the river. 他不敢过这座独木桥,因为他害怕掉进河里。 |
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