定语从句引导如何确定“介词+关系代词”的介词

IsaacZ

[前言]“介词+which/ whom”引导的定语从句一直都是高考考查的热点，其中介词的选择确定是点。

[精析]（1）在介词+关系代词的结构中，关系代词指人时只能用whom;指物时用which.
(2)指物的先行词在定语从句中作定语时还可以用the +noun +of which的结构来表示
（3）先行词在定语从句中作状语时根据不同类型的状语，用不同的介词+关系代词，时间状语使用on; in; by等表示时间的介词；地点状语用on; in; at等表示地点的介词；原因状语用for;方式状语用in; by; with等。

[高考考例]1. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm, ________ many people have gone home. [上海高考1995]
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time

[思路点拨]答案为D. by which time 用于指代by 5:30pm

[介词的选择]
在介词+关系代词中，介词的选择受以下限制：
（1）以从句中动词；形容词；名词与介词的固定搭配而定；
[高考考例]2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. [MET 1992]
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
[思路点拨]答案为D. turn to sb for help 为固定搭配表示“求助于某人”
（2）以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定或以先行词在定语从句中的作用与含义而定。
[考例]1. The medicine of science, ______ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the science.
A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which
[思路点拨]答案为B.从句主谓结构搭配为：progress has been rapid in, 这里的in意为“在某方面”，相当于rapid progress has been made in the science of medicine.
[考例]2. The professor made his first speech _____ he talked about some subjects the students were interested.
A. that B. which C. in which D. of which
[小结]关键词：介词的选用与从句主谓结构的搭配有关。
[跟踪实练]
1. I don’t think the number of people ____ this happens is very large.
A. whom B. to whom C. on whom D. which
2. The school has 3,000 students, _____ 1,800 are men.
A. whose B. of whom C. that D. of which
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
4. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
5. She wrote a lot of stories for children, _____ this is one example.
A. in which B. of which C. among them D. of them
6. He offered us a lot of money _____ we couldn’t buy these machines.
A. without which B. with that C. with which D. without that
7. Mary, ____ for help, has gone to England.
A. who I can go to B. whom I can go
C. to whom I can go D. I can go to
8. Now we have very powerful telescopes _____ we can study the skies.
A. in which B. with which C. through which D. by which
9. The man ______ she was married was a soldier.
A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who
10. Tom, ____ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.
A. whom B. who C. with whom D. whose
答案为:1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C