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在书面语,标点符号起着分隔作用,并有指明语法关系和语义的功能。现将常用标点符号的主要用法分述如下:
一.逗号(,)
1.分隔并列成分。
例:At the bookstore I bought a dictionary, a grammar book and a textbook. 我在书店里买了一本词典,一本语法书和一本课本。
He stood up from his seat, opened the door, and went out. 他从座位上站了起来,推开门出去了。2. 分隔并列分句。
例:He lives his students, and his students love him. 他爱他的学生,他的学生也爱他。
We must leave now, or we will miss the train. 我们必须立刻出发,不然就误了火车了。3. 分隔同位语、呼语。
例:Mr. Zhang, our English teacher, will be leaving for Shanghai on Friday. 张老师,我们的英语老师,将在星期五动身去上海。
I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. 琼斯先生,我想听听你的意见。
Take a seat, Mr. Smith. 史密斯先生,请坐。4. 分隔句首状语。
例:Honestly, I don't know. 真的,我不知道。
When it rains, I go to school by bus. 下雨的时候,我坐公共汽车上学。
Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。5. 分隔非限制性定语从句。
例:She gave him a story book, when he started to read at once. 她给了他一本故事书,他马上就读了起来。
The thief, who had entered through the window, store a lot of money. 小偷是从窗户进去的,偷走了许多钱。6. 分隔直接引语和导语。
例:George said, "I don't know her telephone number." 乔治说:“我不知道她的电话号码。”
"Only a fool," Jim said, "would believe his words." 吉姆说:“只有傻子才会相信他的话。”二 句号(.)
1. 用于陈述句和语气温和的祈使句后。
例:Somebody is asking to see you. 有人要见你。
She asked if he had done his best. 她问他是否已尽了最大努力。
Let's go to the movies. 我们去看电影吧。2. 用于某些缩略词等后。
例:Oct. 十月(October)
Prof. Li 李教授(Professor Li)
98.6% 三 问号(?)
1. 用于疑问句后。
例:Is there a pos office near here? 这儿附近有邮局吗?
It's cold outside, isn't it? 外面很冷是吗?
2.用于委婉的祈使句后。
例:Open the door, would you? 请把门打开。
Have some coffee, will you? 喝点咖啡,好吗?四
冒号(:)
1.用于引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语。
例:Her grades are as follows: Chinese, an A; English, a B; Math, a C; an History, a B. 她的成绩如下:汉语为A,英语为B,数学为C,历史为B。
The weather will be like this tomorrow: cloudy with scattered showers at night. 明天的天气是:阴天,晚间有零星阵雨。2. 用于引出对前文进行总结、补充的词语。
例:I've just had some good news: I've been offered a job in the firm. 我刚得到一个好消息,我在那家公司谋到一个职位。
He has only one pleasure: playing cards. 他只有一个乐趣:玩牌。五
感叹号(!)
1.有于感叹句,表示感叹、赞美、嘲讽等。
例:Happy New Year! 新年好!
What lovely flowers! 多美的花呀!
How I wish to go! 我多么希望能去呀!2.用于祈使句,表示命令或强烈感情。
例:Be quiet! 安静一下!
Come in, everybody! 大家都进来!六
引号(" ")
1.用于直接引语,有三种情况。
a. 句首为He said, She asked等时,后用逗号,引号内的引语可根据具体情况用不同的标点。
例:Mike said, "Let's meet at my house next time." 迈克说:“让我们下一次在我家见面。”
Father asked, "Are you feeling better today?" 父亲问:“你今天感觉好些吗?”b. 如果he said, she asked等位于句尾,句尾用句号,其前面的直接引语末尾则用逗号,或根据需要用问号、感叹号。
例: "I was watching a TV play then" Tom said. 汤姆说:“我当时在看一部电视剧。”
"Don't be late again!" Father said. 父亲说:“不要再迟到!”
"Why didn't you hand in your exercises?" asked the teacher. 老师问:“你们为什么没有把练习交上来?”c. 直接引语被he said, she asked等导语切断,如果切断处句子未完,则切断处用逗号,导语后也用逗号。如果切断处是一个独立的句子结束,则切断处仍用逗号,但导语后用句号。
例: "I bought Granny a present," said my brother, "and she liked it very much." “我给奶奶买了一件礼物,”我弟弟说,“奶奶非常喜欢这件礼物。”
"It is getting dark," Tom said. "Can I go home now?" “天晚了,”汤姆说。“我现在能回家吗?”2.用于引述书名、文章名称、歌曲名称、电影名称等。
例:Have you read the book "the Song of Youth" ? 你读过《青春之歌》这本书吗?
"Titanic" won the Oscar of Best Film. 《泰坦尼克号》赢得奥斯卡金像奖的最佳影片奖。七
连字符(-)
1.用于连接复合词。
例:self-confidence 自信
a three-mile walk 三英里的散步
a world-famous scientist 一个世界闻名的科学家2.用于连接数字中的十位数和个位数
例:twenty-two 22 one hundred and fifty-seven 157 3.用于连接用作定语的词,或作定语的序数词的分子和分母。
例:a two-month-old baby 一个两个月大的婴儿
a four-thousand-word article 一篇4000字的文章
a two-thirds majority of the vote 选票的三分之二多数4.用于连接词缀与词。
例:re-create再创造 pre-war 战前 co-worker 合作者八 省字号( ' )
表示简略式或名词所有格
例:I'll go to the barber's. 我要去理发店。
Don't you know the rule? 你难道不知道这条规则吗?
They aren't busy today. 他们今天不忙。九
破折号(----)
用于补充说明或评语。
例:They are giving away flowers----free, of course. 他们在分送花朵,当然是免费的。
It was a decisive battle----we won the war because of it. 那是一场决定性的战役----我们正是由于那场战役才打赢了这场战争。 |
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