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如何脱去英语发音的中国味儿

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发表于 2008-3-28 15:39:55 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这是一个曾经令自己比较头疼的问题,因为自己还没有看到哪一本书或哪一篇文章中给出具体的操作方法。好像这个东西很抽象,只可意会,不可言传。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在自己这一段时间的发音练习中仿佛领悟到了一些东西,写出来以供探讨。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">要想让自己的发音更接近于<span lang="EN-US">native speaker</span>,首先要遵循两个原则:元音饱满、辅音精准。(这里只是就单词层面上而言)。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所谓的元音饱满主要是就口型而言的,这一点疯狂英语强调得太多了,可以参考一下<?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = ST1 /><st1ERSONNAME w:st="on" productid="李阳">李阳</st1ERSONNAME>老师的方法,但这里需要提及一点,就是疯狂英语的元音理论刚有余而柔不足,缺少一种内在的韵致。因此,模仿者在模仿初期可以用它来矫正口型,待到口型基本到位的时候就要去精心修饰、仔细体会其中的韵致了,这以后的过程可能更长,因为你面对的都是一些很抽象的感觉了,只有用心去体悟。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元音里需要强调的一点就是卷舌音“饿”。发现好多人很喜欢卷舌,而且经常是该卷的卷了,不该卷的也卷了。其实需不需要卷舌有一个很简单的判断标准,就是相关字母是否与“<span lang="EN-US">r</span>”形成了字母组合。如果是,就要卷舌,不是就不要卷了。如“<span lang="EN-US">clear</span>”中的字母组合“<span lang="EN-US">ear</span>”读起来就要卷舌,“<span lang="EN-US">idea</span>”就不需要卷舌了。关于卷舌音的发音要领也是与汉语中的“儿”不同的。它需要舌身卷起,下颌前探。还有一点就是不要把<span lang="EN-US">dark [l]</span>与卷舌音弄混淆,如果对于相关发音的要领不明确就很容易用把<span lang="EN-US">dark [l]</span>读成卷舌的方式来体现这个<span lang="EN-US">[l]</span>,如把“<span lang="EN-US">hill</span>”中的<span lang="EN-US">[l]</span>读成卷舌,这是错误的。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">这里主要想说一下辅音的精准度问题。现在感觉辅音真的很重要却也很容易被忽视。因此这里将具体阐述一下一些能够在很大程度上决定发音地道程度的辅音。这些辅音主要有<span lang="EN-US">[d]</span>,<span lang="EN-US">[t]</span>,<span lang="EN-US">[tr]</span>,<span lang="EN-US">[dr]</span>,<span lang="EN-US">[l]</span>(分为<span lang="EN-US">clear[l]</span>和<span lang="EN-US">dark[l]</span>)和<span lang="EN-US">[h]</span>。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">英文发音中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[d]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[t]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">这两个音素与其对应的中文发音在物理作用机理上的最主要的差别:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在发汉语中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[d]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[t]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">这两个音时舌面是正面与上颚接触的,而且接触面积很大;而英文中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[d]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[t]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">这两个音在发音时只有舌尖而且是舌尖的反面轻轻接触上颚然后再用相应的气流来配合发音。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">②</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在气流强度方面,汉语中这两个音素是以横截面积较大的流量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">喷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">出来的;英文中它们的气流是以横截面积较小的流量突然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">冲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">出来的。如果你的发音特点更接近于舌面正面接触上颚然后气流以横截面积较大的流量喷出,那么你所发的这两个音素在别人听来也就是中国式的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>[dr]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[tr]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">这两个音还是有一定玄机的,因为自己在不经意间把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">[r]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">省略掉了,而且舌位太靠前了,所以听起来很像汉语里的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">拽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。其实这两个音的舌位和舌形的起始状态与卷舌音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">饿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">极其相似,然后气流直接冲击近于垂直的舌面使舌尖突然被冲开。因而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">native speaker</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">所发的这两个音中实际上是有卷舌音的影子的,而且很明显;而中国式的发音中因为没有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">饿</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">的影子且舌位太靠前所以听起来很单薄。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">clear[l]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">很简单,主要说一下<span lang="EN-US">dark[l]</span>。发<span lang="EN-US">dark [l]</span>时舌尖要向上翘起,这一点是很重要的,有了这个动作,才能叫<span lang="EN-US">dark [l]</span>,这是它的一个标志性动作。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">发音方法<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">舌边音:气流通道中央阻塞,在阻塞处的两边或一边留下通道让气流自由通过发音。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">字母<span lang="EN-US">L</span>有两种读法,<span lang="EN-US">clear L</span>只出现在元音和半元音<span lang="EN-US">[l]</span>前,<span lang="EN-US">dark[l]</span>则只出现在所有其他辅音前面和音节末尾。发这两个音时,舌尖抵住上齿龈,使口腔中部完全阻塞,但在舌的一边或两边要留有气流通道,软颚抬起,声带振动。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">发<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;clear [l]</span>音时<span lang="EN-US">, </span>在下一个音即将发出时,舌头离开上齿龈,迅速落下。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">发<span lang="EN-US">dark [l]</span>音时,后面没有紧跟的音节,舌头不需要落下。<span lang="EN-US">([l]</span>部分摘自新东方网络课堂语音教材<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">英语中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">[h]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">是清辅音。与汉语拼音中的“喝”是不同的。</span>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span>&nbsp;


<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">另外,在采用模仿的方法来改进发音的时候不要贪多求快。争取把每一个音都发准,哪怕一天只模仿一个词。水平上去了自然就快了。</span>

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