英语重音和语调的交际功能
<span><font face="Times New Roman">1. </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">重音</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">英语和很多其它语言一样,可分为单词重音和句子重音。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1.1 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">单词重音</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">有些语言有固定的单词重音,比如,重音落在第一个音节、第二个音节或最后一个音节。英语的单词重音比较灵活,它可前可后。然而,单词重音的不同位置决定不同的词性,有时还决定不同的意义。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1.1.1 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">词形不变,重音变可改变词的词性。同一个词形重音在第一个音节是名词,而重音落在第二个音节却是动词,如“</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">'import</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(名词)”,“</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">im'port</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(动词)”;“</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">'increase</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(名词)”,“</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">in'crease</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(动词)”。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1.1.2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">单词重音也存在于复合名词和含相同词形的短语中,如“</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">'blackbird</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”和“</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">black 'bird</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">,然而他们的单词重音是不同的,前者重音在第一音节,而后者却落在第二个音节。而且其含义也各异,前者指一种特别的鸟,其颜色不一定为黑色,而后者则泛指颜色为黑色的鸟。又如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">a 'hot 'dog</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(发怒的狗)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span></span><span>
</span><span>
</span><span>
</span>'hotdog</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(热狗—面包夹熏红肠)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">silver 'fish</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(银白色的鱼)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span>'silverfish</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(一种昆虫)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">a grand 'father</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(一位伟大的父亲)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span>'grandfather</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(祖父或外祖父)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">a green 'house</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(一座绿色的房屋)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span>a 'greenhouse</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(温室)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1.1.3 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">重音的变化也存在于同一个短语。但重音的不同产生不同的意义,例如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">a 'freezing worker</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(冷冻车间的工人)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span>a 'freezing 'worker</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表情冷冰冰的工人)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">old 'girls</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(老太太)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span>'old girls</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(老同学)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">old 'boys</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(老爷爷)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span>'old boys</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(老同学)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">the white 'house</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(白色的房子)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span><span>
</span>the 'White 'House</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(美国的白宫)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">an English 'teacher</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(一位英国籍的老师)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span>an 'English 'teacher</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(一位英语教师)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1.1.4 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">当具动词特性的现在分词和名词连用时,该名词要重读。如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">They’re eating 'apples.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这个句子可以是对‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">What are you doing ?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’的回答,意为‘他们在吃苹果。’</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">当分词和名词连用构成一个复合名词时,该复合名词的第一个词要重读,如,‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">They are 'eating apples.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’。</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">此句话是对问句‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">What are those?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’的回答,意为‘它们是可以生吃的甜苹果。’</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">从以上两个例子可以看出,在外语交际中,交际双方对单词和短语的重音要多加注意。如果单词或短语的重音读错或说错,那就意味着词性、词义的改变,从而产生意义上的误解。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1.2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">句子重音</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">重音不仅存在于单词和短语中,而且更多地存在于句子中。它体现说话人对句子中某个或某些部分的强调。通常说来,在英语句子中,实词如名词、形容词要重读,而功能词如冠词、介词不重读。比如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">The 'chairman may 'resign. </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(这位主席可能要辞职。)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">但是也可特别强调‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">chairman</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’,而‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">resign</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’则不重读。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">The 'CHAIRMAN may resign.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">此句话的含义是‘唯有这位主席可能辞职,不涉及到别人。’</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">而当功能词‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">may</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’用于否定句,表示“不可能”之意时,它要重读。例如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">He may not go tomorrow. </font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span>=It is possible that he will not go tomorrow.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如果重音不落在‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">may</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’词上,而落在否定词‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">not</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’上,则意义有所改变:不是表示‘不可能’,而是表示‘不许可’:</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">He may not go tomorrow.</font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span><span>
</span>=I don’t permit him to go tomorrow.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">同时,当助动词‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">will</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’和‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">shall</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’表示‘决心’时,都有句子重音,所不同的是,‘决心’的执行者不同。如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">He will do it whatever you say.</font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span>=He insists on doing it …</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">He shall do it whatever you say.</font></span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span>=I insist on his doing it …</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">更应注意的是,出于‘对比’的目的,其他功能词也可以重读。而通常需要重读的实词反而不重读。比如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">That’s 'my book, not 'yours.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(那本书是我的,而不是你的。)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">有些情况下,为了表达一种强烈的感情,可提高某个重读音节的调门。试比较如下两种调门。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">He’s gone to the office.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">)和(</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">)都是陈述句式(也许是对‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Where has he gone?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的回答),而且两种读法主要都是强调‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">office</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’。但是,前一种句式的调门属正常。它表达的感情属‘中性’。而后一种句式的调门特高。它表示出说话人的‘惊奇’或‘不耐烦’。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">2. </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">语调</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">英语是一种语调语言。通常说,英语的语调有四种:降调,升调,降升调和升降调。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2.1 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">降调</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">降调通常可用来陈述一个事实,比如‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">He is going home.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’。同时它还可用于特殊疑问句中,以获得更多的有关信息,如‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Who is going home?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">然而,在用降调的句子中,第一个重读音节的调门尤为重要。</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Peter Roach</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">认为,如果句子的第一个重读音节以低调门开始,那么该句表达的是一种‘平和、无激动’的感情。反之,以高调门开始的句子表达的是‘反常、激动’的感情。例如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Yes. </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(一般、无强调的‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">yes</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’)</span><span><font face="Times New Roman"><span>
</span>YES!</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(重强调的‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">yes</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">’)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2.2 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">升调</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">通常升调用于下列情况,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">用于陈述句形式的一般疑问句,如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">He is going home?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">用于倒装形式的一般疑问句,如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Is he going home?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">然而,在英语交际中,说话人和听话人应更多地注意升调的其他用法。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">1) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">升调用于陈述句式可表示说话人的‘不肯定、怀疑、安慰、道歉、不耐烦’等多种感情。例如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">That’s 'not 'the 'book he<span>
</span>wants.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这个句子的含义为‘他无法肯定这是否是他所要的书’。它相当于一个否定疑问句:</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Is that not the book he wants?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">下面的例子进一步说明了这一点。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">I’m 'sorry to have<span>
</span>kept you waiting.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(道歉)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">'That’s the sort of man he is.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(轻视)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">I 'can’t 'wait<span>
</span>that long.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(不耐烦)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">以</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">WH-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">开头的问句用升调常表示提问的人对所获的回答没听清楚而要求对方再重复。如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">What is your name?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">––––––––––––––––</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">––––––––––––––––</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这个问题用升调其含义是‘刚才你说你是什么名字来着?’。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">3)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">反意疑问句用升调表示询问情况。如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">This is 'Schubert,<span>
</span>isn’t it?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">We could 'sleep 'outside,<span>
</span>couldn’t we?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">They 'won’t be 'disappointed,<span>
</span>will they?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这三个反意疑问句相当于带否定的疑问句:‘</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Isn’t this Schubert?, Couldn’t we sleep outside?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">和</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">Won’t they be disappointed?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">4) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">以</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">WH-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">开头的疑问句用升调还可用来表达其他的感情。请看下面的句子。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">What’s your<span>
</span>number?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示温和)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">What can I<span>
</span>do for you?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示关心)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Who should I<span>
</span>write to?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示商量)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Where am I to<span>
</span>sit?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示委婉)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">此外,当疑问词单独使用时,用升调和降调有着不同的含义。下面一个对话便说明这一点。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">A: John has a new girl friend.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">B: Who?</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如果</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">用降调,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">便会懂得,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">想知道谁是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">John</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的女朋友。而</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的回答很可能是:</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">John</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的女朋友是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">。然而,如果</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">用升调,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">应懂得,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">对谁有一位女友不清楚。而</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">做出的回答应是:我说的是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">John</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2.3 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">降升调</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">当说话人表示‘不肯定’、‘有保留(话中有话)’时,用语调</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">来表达。如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">'That’s not the book he<span>
</span>wants.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">用这种语调表达的句子,除了字面意思以外,还暗含有别的信息。就此话而言,它除了告诉听话的人这本书不是他所要的书以外,说话人还暗示仍有别的他所需要的书。下面的例子同样说明了这一点。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">I can’t do it<span>
</span>now.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(暗含:也许我可以以后做)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">I’d<span>
</span>like to.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(我想去,但是</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">……</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">I’ve <span>
</span>posted your letters.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(也许暗含:但是这些信很久都没到)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Got your<span>
</span>fare ready.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(我知道,大家都把车费准备好了。)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">此外,降升调还可表示‘警告’,‘安慰’,‘鼓励’,‘告别’,‘愿望’等。如,</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Be<span>
</span>careful.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(警告)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Have a good<span>
</span>time.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(祝愿)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2.4 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">升降调</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这种语调主要用于表达‘蔑视、‘嘲笑’。如,</span><span><font face="Times New Roman">YOU never do.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(你知道如何做!笑话!)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">2.5 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">升降升调</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">这种语调常表达‘犹豫’,‘不满’,‘暗讽’和‘怨恨’等感情。试比较下列两组句子。</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 52.5pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">I <span>
</span><span>
</span>I </font></span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示犹豫)</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示一般可能性)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">We’d…… to.<span>
</span><span>
</span><span>
</span>We’d …… to.</font></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示委婉的拒绝)</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示肯定的接受)</span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">Why not……day?<span>
</span><span>
</span>Why not ……day?</font></span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示一种不满的情绪)</span><span><span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">(表示直接的建议)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">结</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">论</span><span></span><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">综上所述,可以看出,在英语交际中,音的轻重、调门的高低以及音的长短对表达细腻的语义起到极其重要的作用。英语的交际者不仅要掌握好最常见的升、降调知识和用法,更重要的是要掌握这两种语调以外的其他语调知识并能准确地把这些知识运用于交际之中。只有把重音和语调恰当地运用到语境当中才能获得交际的成功。</span>
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