关于语音的几个概念
<font face="Times New Roman">Phonics </font>是一种<font face="Times New Roman">(</font>方法<font face="Times New Roman">), </font>是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来<font face="Times New Roman">. </font><font face="Times New Roman"></font><font face="Times New Roman">AHD</font>表示美语发音<font face="Times New Roman">,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</font>（简称<font face="Times New Roman">AHD</font>）<br line-break=""/><br line-break=""/><font face="Times New Roman">KK</font>音标是一套<font face="Times New Roman">(</font>注音符号系统<font face="Times New Roman">),</font>是由<font face="Times New Roman">John Samuel Kenyon </font>和<font face="Times New Roman"> John Albert Knott</font>两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典<font face="Times New Roman">A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956</font>中用于标注美式发音的符号系统<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为<font face="Times New Roman">KK</font>音标。 <font face="Times New Roman"></font><font face="Times New Roman">DJ</font>是根据英国学者<font face="Times New Roman">Daniel Jones</font>编的英语发音字典<font face="Times New Roman"> (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)</font>中的标音而来<font face="Times New Roman">. </font><font face="Times New Roman"></font>英式读音根据的是<font face="Times New Roman">English Pronouncing Dictionary </font>《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为<font face="Times New Roman">“Received Pronuciation”</font>（<font face="Times New Roman">RP</font>）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。<font face="Times New Roman"><br line-break=""/><br line-break=""/></font><p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan=""><font face="Times New Roman">1888</font>年国际语音协会<font face="Times New Roman"> (International Phonetic Association) </font>的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号<font face="Times New Roman"> (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)</font>，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。 <p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan=""><font face="Times New Roman"></font>国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标<font face="Times New Roman"> (DJ) </font>和美式发音的<font face="Times New Roman">KK</font>音标，前者乃根据<font face="Times New Roman">Daniel Jones</font>编的英语发音字典<font face="Times New Roman"> (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)</font>，后者则是根据<font face="Times New Roman">John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott</font>二氏的美语发音字典<font face="Times New Roman"> (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)</font>。值得一提的是，<font face="Times New Roman">KK</font>音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号<font face="Times New Roman"> (IPA) </font>而来，<font face="Times New Roman">Kenyon & Knott</font>二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。 <font face="Times New Roman"></font><p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan=""><p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan="">音素<font face="Times New Roman">: </font>音的最小单位<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>英语中有<font face="Times New Roman">48</font>个音素<font face="Times New Roman">. </font><p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan="">音节<font face="Times New Roman">: </font>由元音和辅音构成的发音单位<font face="Times New Roman">. </font><p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan="">元音<font face="Times New Roman">: </font>发音响亮<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>是乐音<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>口腔中气流不受阻碍<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>是音节的主要组成部分<font face="Times New Roman">.</font>英语中有<font face="Times New Roman">20</font>个元音<font face="Times New Roman">. </font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman">: </font>发音不响亮<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>是噪音<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>口腔中气流受到阻碍<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>不是音节的重要组成部分<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>英语中有<font face="Times New Roman">28</font>个辅音<font face="Times New Roman">. </font><p align="left" text-align="" left="" mso-pagination="" widow-orphan="">开音节<font face="Times New Roman">: 1)</font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>元音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>不发音<font face="Times New Roman">e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine </font><p mso-char-indent-count="" text-indent=""><font face="Times New Roman"> 2)</font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>元音<font face="Times New Roman"> he hi go no do be tree three hello </font>闭音节<font face="Times New Roman">: 1)</font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>元音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman"> sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head </font><font face="Times New Roman"> 2)</font>元音<font face="Times New Roman">+</font>辅音<font face="Times New Roman"> it is of in on up out ant </font>
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