应该知道的几个英语语音基本概念
1)关于语音的几个概念(1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
(2)音标:词的语音形式,音素是音标的具体形式。
(3)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素,20个元音,28个辅音。
(4)元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
(5)辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
(4)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
(7)开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e 例如:name, bike, home,due b) 辅音+元音 例如:he, go, hi,
(8)闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 例如: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup b)元音+辅音at,egg,it,on,us
(9)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节,两个音节或两个音节以上的词有重音符号 ’。
2)英语特殊语音现象
(1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
(2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音后面跟的是爆破音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
(3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例如:last year, this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?
3)英语句子节奏
(1)一般英语的句子节奏是:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重
(2)英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
(3)实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be.
(4)实词不重读的特殊情况
a)实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.
c)代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.
d)感叹词中的 what 和how
What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e)street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.
f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening
(5)虚词重读的特殊情况
a)情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。
Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.
I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b)情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。
They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room .
c)介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d)引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself.
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